Why Nonfiction Writers Need Style Editors

Let’s face it: most nonfiction sucks.

And let’s face it, this seldom comes from bad content. If you hope to publish in the nonfiction world, they keep a not-so-best-kept secret called “the book proposal.” I write proposals for nonfiction writers and the gist goes: “if you have a nonfiction book idea, never write the manuscript. Write the proposal. Publishers will pay you to write your book.”

The upside? People earn bookoo beau coup* bucks writing nonfiction.

The downside? Most nonfiction published reads like first-run hack fiction.

I’d guess that one in every twenty nonfic books reads strong and crisp. A mere fraction of those join the literary cannon and those books often come not from great nonfiction writers but from great fiction writers—Thoreau’s Civil Disobedience or Lewis’s Mere Christianity. To illustrate this stylistic void, I plucked three random books off of my shelf from the same genre. I could have selected any genre, like “political science” or “leadership,” but the nearest section happens to be Christian nonfiction. I find this coincidental since Christian nonfic seems worst. After all, the “Christian” market employs fewer filters than any other market.

Richard Foster, Gregory Boyd, and Kyle Idleman wrote the following books. I chose them due to sell-through: these authors sold more units than any of others near my desk. Having never met any of these well-respected gentlemen, I feel no emotional connection and can therefore respond to their texts as mere strings of words. I will select passages without bias, pulling straight from the first page of the following books: Celebration of Discipline, Myth of a Christian Nation, Not a Fan.

First, the original passage from Richard Foster:

[before] Superficiality is the curse of our age. The doctrine of instant satisfaction is a primary spiritual problem. The desperate need today is not for a greater number of intelligent people, or gifted people, but for deep people. The classical Disciplines of the spiritual life call us to move beyond surface living into the depths. They invite us to explore the inner caverns of the spiritual realm. The urge us to be the answer to a hollow world.

Now with a two-minute style edit:

[after] Superficiality curses our age. Of all spiritual problems this doctrine of instant satisfaction sits chief. We need neither a great number of intelligent people nor gifted people, but rather deep people. Classical Disciplines of the spiritual life call us to dive below surface living into the depths, to explore the inner caverns of The Spirit’s realm, to turn into the answer for our hollow world.

From Dr. Boyd:

[before] To be a king, one must have a kingdom – a king’s domain – and Pilate wanted to know if Jesus thought the Jews were his domain. It was a straightforward question, requiring a simple yes or no. But Jesus, typically, did not give the expected response. Rather, he told Pilate that his kingdom “is not from this world” (John 18:36). Pilate assumed Jesus’ kingdom could be understood on the same terms as every other earthly kingdom – along geographical, ethnic, nationalistic, and ideological lines.

But after a style edit…

[after] Kings have kingdoms – their domains – and Pilate asked if Jesus’ domain included the Jews. Pilate raised a straightforward question, expected “yes” or “no.” But Jesus typically gave unexpected responses. He told Pilate his kingdom came from outside “this world” (John 18:36). Pilate understood Jesus’ kingdom by the terms of every other earthly kingdom: its geographical, ethnic, nationalistic, and ideological lines.

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Brother Idleman’s work reads like this:

[before] Are you a follower of Jesus? I would say the chances are pretty good that you just skipped over that question. You may have read it, but I doubt it carried much weight or had any real impact. But would you let me ask you this question again? It’s the most important question you will ever answer. Are you a follower of Jesus?

Here’s his intro after a style edit:

[after] Do you follow Jesus? You skipped over that question. You might have read it, but it carried little weight or impact. Let me ask you again, since no question you ever read will garner more importance than this: Do you follow Jesus?

Of course someone will object that this only emerges in Christian nonfiction or that I treated these authors unfairly by singling out one genre. For those who make such an objection, [edit:] check the comments below.

Am I claiming to be THE answer to this enormous problem? Hardly. Instead, I hope to reveal the power one style editor holds with three short years of experience under his belt. Furthermore, a career style editor could saturate your nonfiction’s greyscale with color.

Few write nonfiction out of love for the written word. More often people write nonfiction because they boast an established audience like cocker spaniel owners or stockbrokers and can guarantee sales. That’s why many of these excerpts read not like literary manuscripts but like oral manuscripts: these people speak more often than they write.

Most nonfiction writers fade after a few short years, yet great nonfiction still rises above the cloudbank every now and again to join the classics. Is it enough to settle for good content? Does form matter? I think it does. In fact, I would argue that the greatness of classics comes not merely from good content but great voice. Plato reads cleaner than neoplatonists—and that alone makes him greater.

Your churches desire deeper liturgy.
Your kitchens deserve clearer recipes.
Your dojos demand tighter training manuals.

So do us all a favor and hire a freelance style editor.

See? Even I needed an editor. Thanks to Kiddo for teaching me this new French-derivative word.


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  1. neilcrabtree

    I enjoy fiction Lance,

    but I don’t get a lot of time to read fiction since my reading time is taken up with targeted non-fiction aimed at providing answers. In this sense I appreciate but do not expect good style in non-fiction writing. In fact the more glib the writer the greater their ability to distort. How would you re-write this: http://www.versebyverse.org/doctrine/birthofchrist.html
    Its not entertainment – and we glean what is required beyond the means in which it is presented.

    I enjoyed the discussion though.

    Cheers, Neil

    1. lanceschaubert

      Actually, I think I’d go with one of the few things Lewis said about writing: “Know exactly what you want to say, and then say exactly that.”

      The problem with most non-fiction writers occurs when they either remain clueless as to what they want to say or when they remain ignorant on how to say what they mean. Stronger prose not only entertains. Stronger prose communicates better.

      Thoughts?

  2. Doberman

    Wow. I disagree with much of this post. Most non-fiction does NOT suck in my opinion. and the people who write it are writing it for love of the topic and are often extremely well-educated and fine wordsmiths. This following statement is jawdroppingly presumptuous to me:

    “Few write nonfiction out of love for the written word. More often people write nonfiction because they boast an established audience like cocker spaniel owners or stockbrokers and can guarantee sales”. I would change “write” to publish.

    I would find this post easier to swallow if just a couple of words were added. “I think that nonfiction sucks” Ibelieve that few write nonfiction out of love..and so forth. Rather than making rather naive blanket statements…write an opinion as an opinion rather than presenting an opinion as a fact.

    Whoa Nellie!

    1. lanceschaubert

      Really? I write this from inside Joplin’s local library and the nonfiction sections read terribly. Do I read solid nonfiction? Yes, but it rarely reads well.

      what if I amended the statement to: “Let’s face it, most nonfiction sucks when it comes to prose” ?

  3. Doberman

    I like Howard Zinn’s wrting style very well. The changes you made are a matter of taste. But what he did with his structure was purposeful….far from hack writing! The same holds true for the example from Emotional Intelligence. When examining a case, having the facts in a form that reads more like a list rather than a novel is far more helpful to the clinician or student. Clarity is the goal and the order in which the information is presented is key…even if this may seem to intterupt the “flow” preferred by a fictional stylist the initial paragraph is clear and helpful. The second “edited” example is of far less use for the gather ing of information for a case even if it is a snazzier read.

    1. lanceschaubert

      Eh, that was superlative. Zinn’s not a hack. As for reading like a list–by that argumentation I should be drawn more to Wright than Crossan for Historical Jesus studies. Far from it–Crossan’s prose is beautiful and it’s only from agreeing with Wright’s content that I trudge through his work.

      Clean prose makes for clean reading.

      Does it all have to read stronger? Not necessarily, there’s time for precision, but nonfiction writers exist who make both helpful and entertaining reads. Malcolm Gladwell, for one, does both solid research and strong writing. I mentioned Crossan, though I hate his conclusions. Also Lewis before him, and not just the popular writing. King’s Danse Macabre is THE textbook for lit crit on the horror genre and it’s well-cited, well-argued and entertaining.

      My point isn’t that we should sacrifice content for prose. My point is that when it comes to literal or literary, people pick the latter every time. We can achieve both and people do, though not in mass numbers.

      Or, said simpler, people with English degrees tend to teach or write fiction or get a degree in something else. Rarely do they end up writing nonfiction. This is a shame. Again, am I the answer? No, but I think style editors could strengthen the American weakness in the nonfiction arena.

      Would you disagree that we spend way more time crafting our fiction than our nonfiction?

  4. Doberman

    I also disagree with the changes you made to Jim Collins.

    Good is the enemy of great is a lot different than Good thwarts great. Wow wow.

    1. lanceschaubert

      That’s fine, but do you disagree with the concept? This is not a post on the aesthetics of my style preference verses your style preference. This is a post on whether or not nonfiction writers need style editors. We can talk about style, but that’s a separate issue than the one raised:

      Do nonfiction writers need to hire more style editors?

    2. lanceschaubert

      I seem to have unintentionally hit a nerve. I wrongly assumed that you guys would agree with me on this one, so I spoke in superlatives rather than worry about the framing and integrity of my argumentation. Sorry about that.

      How about an alternate critique of Emotional Intelligence, A People’s History, Good to Great:

      Since my changes seem to have unintentionally offended by altering canon, let’s critique these authors with themselves. Let’s compare the Goleman passage with another Goleman passage from the same book:

      Ponder the last moments of Gary and Mary Jane Chauncey, a couple completely devoted to their eleven-year-old daughter Andrea, who was confined to a wheelchair by cerebral palsy. The Chauncey family were passengers on an Amtrak train that crashed into a river after a barge hit and weakened a railroad bridge in Louisiana’s bayou country.

      Later, he sounds better:

      The anxiety built to full fear: I pulled over to the side of the road, waiting for the flurry to pass. A half hour later the snow stopped, visibility returned, and I continued on my way—only to be stopped a few hundred yards down the road, where an ambulance crew was helping a passenger in a car that had rear-ended a slower car in front; the collision blocked the highway. If I had continued driving in the blinding snow. I probably would have hit them.

      And then critiquing Professor Zinn with Professor Zinn:

      These Arawaks of the Bahama Islands were much like Indians on the mainland, who were remarkable (European observers were to say again and again) for their hospitality, their belief in sharing. These traits did not stand out in the Europe of the Renaissance, dominated as it was by the religion of the popes, the government of kings, the frenzy for money that marked Western civilization and its first messenger to the Americas, Christopher Columbus.

      But earlier he wrote more elegantly:

      Arawak men and women, naked, tawny, and full of wonder, emerged from their villages onto the island’s beaches and swam out ot get a closer look at the strange big boat. When Columbus and his sailors came ashore, carrying swords, speaking oddly, the Arawaks ran to greet them, brought them food, water, gifts.

      From the Jim Collins passage:

      Good is the enemy of great. And that is one of the key reasons we have so little that becomes great. We don’t have great schools, principally because we have good schools. We don’t have great government, principally because we have good government. Few people attain great lives, in large part because it is just so easy to settle for a good life.

      But later:

      Meanwhile, over at Kroger, a completely different pattern arose. Kroger also conducted experiments in the 1960s to test the superstore concept. By 1970, the Kroger executive team came to an inescapable conclusion: the old-model grocery store (which accounted for nearly 100 percent of Kroger’s business) was going to become extict. Unlike A&P, however, Kroger confronted this brutal truth and acted on it.

      Even if you dislike these specific selections, do you agree that certain sections in these books read stronger than others? That they don’t make nonfiction like they used to? That modern nonfiction ebbs and flows, bucks and retreats? In some places these books read stronger and clearer, other parts require a shovel just to make it out the other side in one piece.

      Here’s the word from a style editor that used to work at a major publishing house as a blue pencil editor:

      Strong manuscripts are still rushed into print even if they don’t live up to their full potential, and manuscripts that aren’t problem-free are still rejected no matter how much potential they have. Acquisitions editors are always overworked, often undertrained, and rarely encouraged to work on manuscripts, especially since in-depth editing usually means investing time in writers who, if successful, will simply take their next book to the highest bidder. With rare exceptions, the long tradition of blue-pencil editing has passed, at least at major publishing houses.

      He goes on to share a solid course in editing, both for yourself and others.

      Again, am I claiming to be the solution? No.

      I’m claiming to identify a problem, a weakness that exists across the board but especially in non-fiction that I think we can curb by hiring outside help before loading our manuscripts into the presses. Writers need editors—this is always true—but the publishing houses rarely provide focused attention anymore. Even as a freelance editor, I hire editors to look at the stuff I write. I believe in the business enough to pay out of pocket for the same services I offer.

      Thoughts?

      1. lanceschaubert

        I might also point to the book “The Long Tail” by Chris Anderson.

  5. Doberman

    The downside? Most nonfiction published reads like first-run hack fiction.

    Strongly disagree. Is also very insulting.

    1. lanceschaubert

      By “most” I don’t mean “most of what you read” but rather “most of what’s published.”

      Examples:

      Diabetes for Dummies.
      How to Kill, Clean, Cook Your Deer
      Chicken Soup for the…

      1. Doberman

        How do you know they don’t have style editors…LOL! Lightening things up ovah heyah!

        1. lanceschaubert

          haha, yeah.

          Oh they do, but the poor blue pencil editors are overworked and underpaid so that they can’t focus on projects for long. That’s why we need more freelancers in the market.

  6. Why Nonfiction Writers Need Style Editors | ChristianBookBarn.com
  7. neilcrabtree

    I can’t argue with your premise that writing needs editing and is the key to good writing but you have to consider what the reader wants. I like colouring in – as you do – but some, of a more pragmatic nature, do not need the language to be correct or stimulating. If you are a reader of non-fiction you want to be entertained but if I’m a stockbroker reading the current markets I don’t want to hear – wowee look at this – 5,000 teachers lost their jobs as a result of economic policy that supports the wealth, fat, overpaid, meglomaniacs that run this country!

    Horses for courses Lance – how a person says it is a part of what they have to say!

    1. lanceschaubert

      I’m sticking to my guns on this one: one of the funnest books I’ve read came from a stockbroker and some of the funniest things I read, I read on eTrade. There’s talent out there, but words match content less in nonfiction and more in fiction.

      I believe how a person says it is part of what they have to say, and horses for courses–after all, that’s the whole thing behind the different ‘ology’ arguments I’ve made recently, about different grammars and the like.

      However, some people say it better in every craft. Of the libertarians, Johnson was wittiest this year. Of the conservative investors, Buffet shines through. Of horror writers, King rose above the pack. Of sociological writers, Gladwell garners more attention.

      Surely something stylistic is happening there?



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